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All bullets need lubrication, some more than
others. I know it is commonly taken that jacketed bullets do not need lube. If
that were the case however we would not use oil in the bearings on our cars.
Fire a few thousand jacketed bullets through your barrel and watch it turn
copper-colored in the rifling and then tell me jacketed bullets don't need lube.
They do, however, they need it far less than lead
bullets.
A few years ago I ran a test - lubricating jacketed
bullets. I did this after I pulled some early Winchester .45 Silver Tip bullets
and found that they had a grease groove in the jacket!! Hmm....does Winchester
know something I don't? So I gave it try.
TEST 1 - fired in a Ruger .45 Colt Blackhawk 7
1/2" - using WW cases with CCI LP primers - 22 gr. H-110 and the Speer 300 gr. PSP bullet. The bullet was seated out of the case as far as possible, crimping
into the bottom crimp groove.
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No Lube |
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Load #1 - 974 fps |
Load #2 - 815 fps |
Load #3 - 1003 fps |
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Load #4 - 993 fps |
Load #5 - 987 fps |
Load #6 - 896 fps |
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Average of all shots - 944 fps |
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Lubed with LEE Liquid ALOX - Allowed to dry 24 Hrs. before
firing |
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Load #1 - 1027 fps |
Load #2 - 1075 fps |
Load #3 - 1063 fps |
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Load #4 - 1062 fps |
Load #5 - 1055 fps |
Load #6 - 1000
fps |
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Average of all shots - 1046 fps |
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Bullets
without Lube |
2"
average |
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Bullets with Lube |
1.75" average |
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Next I fired the 7 1/2" 454 Casull with the same bullet loaded
over 30 gr. H-110, using CCI #400 Small Rifle Primers.
No Lube - average velocity 1698 fps
Lubed with LEE Liquid ALOX
(dried 24 hrs. before loading and firing) - average velocity 1775
fps.
Fired for accuracy from rest
What did it prove? Bullets going down a bore have friction.
Something we all know. Often we do not think about jacketed bullets and barrel
friction though. What little testing I have done leads me to believe that you
can have too much of a good thing. HOWEVER - Accuracy is not always enhanced by
better lubrication. Bullets apparently need some "drag" as Col. Harrison proved
many years ago.
Lead bullets
Reloaders have always known that lead bullets need
lubrication. Dry lead on a dry barrel causes real problems. Once lead starts
building up in a bore it can continue, aggravating itself. A man once brought
Dad a pistol and asked him if he could clean it. It was an H&R .22 revolver. The
bore was so leaded that it would not allow a .22 caliber brush into it. The guy
had been shooting it that way for some time. He said it was hard to hit
anything with it and figured maybe it needed cleaned.
Dad and I found some of the bullets that had been fired from
this gun. They were squeezed down to about 15 caliber and were real long and
skinny. Dad got the gun clean in about 10 minutes. His secret involved using a
torch... after the owner had gone home.
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The list of commonly used bullets lubes over the years is interesting: |
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US Army 1855 - 1 part
beeswax, 3 parts tallow |
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US Army 1861
- 8 parts beeswax, 1 part tallow |
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US Army 1873
- 8 parts bayberry wax, 1 part graphite |
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US Army 1880
- Japan wax |
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Sharps Rifle Co. 1878 - 1
part beeswax, 2 parts sperm oil. |
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Maynard Rifle 1890 - 1 part
beeswax, 3 parts tallow |
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Marlin Firearms Co. 1891 - 1
part beeswax, 4 parts tallow |
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S&W 1891 - tallow |
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H.M. Pope 1900 - 3 parts
mutton tallow, 2 parts bay wax, 1 part beeswax, 1 part steam
cylinder oil, .2 of 1 part Acheson graphite. (The bay wax can be omitted) |
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A large Police Dept. 1962 -
1 part beeswax, 1 part paraffin wax, 1 part cosmoline. |
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Dad and I did a series
of tests years ago to find out what would work for bullet lube. We wanted a lube
that was easy to make and use. It was for loads under 950 fps in sixguns -
practice loads. We experimented with a number of things and found that you could
lube a bullet with a number of substances. For instance, I took some cartridges
which had the bullets loaded "dry" - no lube on them. I would dip the nose of
the bullet in motor oil, shove the cartridge into the chamber, roll the cylinder
around and fire. They worked just fine...except the gun got slick after a little
while. I tried Vaseline, brake fluid, Butch Wax... it all worked OK if you fired
the cartridge right away. Left too long the oils would "creep" back into the
case and kill the powder. But it did show what would keep a barrel from leading.
Eventually we settled on crayons. Yep. We melted crayons in a
skillet, tossed in a handful of bullets, rolled them around until they were
covered, dumped them out on a newspaper and let the wax harden. I would shoot
these in the .357 and .45 Colt at speeds up to 800 fps without any leading.
BUT...since Lee came out with their Liquid Alox I have never
used crayons. The Liquid Alox is much easier to use and a much better lubricant.
Alox came into use after Col. E.H. Harrison did all his testing
for the NRA years ago. Usually found in a combination with beeswax, Alox
actually is the name of a company in New York that produced lubricating
substances and corrosion preventatives. In the 1970s there were more than 2000
formulations of "alox" lube. Col. Harrison ran thousands of tests with different
combinations and eventually found that Alox 2138F when mixed with equal parts of
pure yellow beeswax produced the best bullet lubricant until that time. This is
still the basic formula for all "alox" bullet lubes.
His tests are very interesting to read as some of the "slickest"
lubes gave the worst accuracy in sixguns. It's been out of print for years but
if you can find a copy, the tests are in the NRA-published book "HANDLOADING".
Until the advent of LBT Blue and Apache Blue cast bullet
shooters either used some Alox-type lube or made their own. Some of the
dedicated cast bullet target shooters have their own secret formula's that they
swear by and guard with great diligence lest a competitor get hold of it.
I have used Apache Blue for years now...in rifles and
handguns... and I will not use any other lube. I am used to it and so are the
barrels in my guns. Oh, I shoot some other lubes if I get bullets from a
commercial caster... but for the most part I only use the Apache Blue. And yes, Paco gave me some for free as a "going away" present when I moved from Arizona
to Missouri in 1989. He gave me several large cans of it. I only have enough
left to last me about 4 years and am not sure what I will do if I ever run out!
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